The Association of Arthritis with Eyes

Understanding Arthritis and Eye Health

It is well-known that arthritis affects joints in our body. However, many of us do not know that it also affects connective tissues present in our body. Let's explore the effects of arthritis on the eyes and ways to manage them. The eye is a unique organ containing transparent tissues such as the lens and cornea and other connective tissues not found elsewhere in the body. The crystalline lens and sclera are made up of collagen, which some forms of arthritis can attack. This is how arthritis is connected to eye health.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Dry Eye Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis is linked to dry eye disease. Overuse of arthritis medication can also cause dry eyes. Sjogren’s syndrome, an autoimmune disorder, is associated with arthritis and disrupts tear gland function, leading to redness, dryness, itching, and a foreign particle sensation in the eyes. Management of dry eyes depends on the cause, and it's best to seek recommendations from a good ophthalmologist.

Plaquenil and Retinal Conditions

Plaquenil, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, can cause hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, a retinal condition. This condition starts with minor vision disturbances and can lead to permanent vision loss. Before taking this medication, patients are advised to undergo tests such as retinal imaging, central visual field tests, and dilated pupil retinal exams. Age is also a factor for this condition, and ophthalmologists will advise on the frequency of these tests.

Cataracts and Arthritis

Arthritis patients are also prone to cataracts, where the clear lens becomes cloudy, distorting vision. Rheumatoid arthritis can cause inflammation of the lens. Corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs can also cause cataracts. While microsurgery can ease cataracts, patients with arthritis may have damaged fibers holding the lens in place, necessitating consultation with an experienced cataract surgeon.

Glaucoma and Increased Eye Pressure

Glaucoma affects the optic nerve at the back of the eyes, caused by increased pressure and reduced blood flow to the optic nerves. Arthritis can indirectly cause glaucoma. Uveitis, causing pressure and inflammation in tear-producing glands, is linked to arthritis. Anti-inflammatory drugs for arthritis can also increase eye pressure, leading to glaucoma. Limiting steroid usage and taking corticosteroids in low doses is essential. No single test can detect glaucoma; a range of diagnostic tests, such as peripheral vision field tests, central corneal thickness tests, intraocular pressure tests, and optic nerve tissue checks, are necessary. Known as the silent thief of sight, glaucoma symptoms include eye pain, blurred vision, and colored halos around lights. Treatment options include surgery, laser treatment, and pressure-lowering eye drops.

Inflammation of the Iris and Uveitis

The iris, made up of muscles, can also get inflamed by arthritis. Uveitis affecting the iris can lead to permanent eye damage if not treated early. Symptoms include light sensitivity, blurred vision, and redness. If you have arthritis, it is crucial to manage it promptly to prevent uveitis. Consult your doctor to learn more about uveitis.

Scleritis and Retinal Vein Occlusion

Scleritis and retinal vein occlusion are also associated with some forms of arthritis. Scleritis, a rare condition, causes the eyeball to become inflamed and is difficult to treat. Symptoms include severe pain and redness, with nerves passing through the eyeball becoming compressed and inflamed. Retinal artery and vein occlusion, a blockage in blood vessels, can lead to sudden and permanent vision loss. If you have arthritis, visiting an ophthalmologist to check for eye diseases is essential.

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