Understanding Myopia: Beyond Just Glasses

Myopia, commonly known as near-sightedness or short-sightedness, is not merely about wearing glasses for distant vision; it is linked to several eye conditions such as retinal detachment, macular disease, and glaucoma.

The Multifaceted Nature of Myopia

The prevalence of myopia is increasing, with factors such as multiculturalism and modern lifestyle habits contributing to its rise. It is particularly common in individuals from East Asian countries. Increased screen time from computers and smartphones, along with prolonged reading, are also implicated in its development.

Stages of Myopia

1. Very Mild Myopia:
Myopia is considered very mild when it ranges from -0.25D to -1.50D. At this stage, individuals may not experience significant impacts on distant vision and can often perform tasks such as reading and computer work without the need for glasses.

2. Mild Myopia:
In the range of -1.75D to -4.00D, mild myopia necessitates the use of corrective lenses or glasses. However, the lenses required are typically light and thin, and various options are available, including prescription glasses or contact lenses. Eye diseases are less prominent at this stage, and laser procedures may be considered based on patient preference.

3. Moderate Myopia:
Myopia becomes more pronounced in the range of -4.25D to -8.00D. At this stage, clear vision is reliant on wearing corrective lenses, with contact glasses being a common choice. However, laser surgery may not always be feasible, especially beyond -8.00D. Patients may be at higher risk for eye diseases such as macular disease, glaucoma, and retinal detachment.

4. High Myopia:
Myopia exceeding -8.00D poses significant risks and requires regular visits to an ophthalmologist. Specialized techniques, like using eye drops to facilitate retina examination with instruments like the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope, are employed to monitor retinal health. Optical coherence tomography is another diagnostic tool used to assess the macula in detail.

Conclusion: Seeking Professional Guidance

Individuals with myopia should consult an ophthalmologist to understand their condition better and explore appropriate management strategies.

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